Edward's training impulse per hour was higher in JUN than PRO and U23 (P <. PRO and U23 recorded higher mean maximal power (RPOs) between 5 and 180 minutes compared with JUN (P <. Higher annual and per race duration, distance, elevation gain, Edward's training impulse, total work, and work per hour were observed in PRO versus U23 and JUN, and U23 versus JUN (P <. Race data collected during the 2019 competitive season were retrospectively analyzed for race characteristics, external, and internal competition load. Thirty male cyclists, divided into 3 age-related categories (JUN, n = 10 U23, n = 10 and PRO, n = 10), participated in this study.
GOLDENCHEETAH DISPLAY TSS PROFESSIONAL
To compare the race demands of junior (JUN), under 23 (U23), and professional (PRO) road cyclists. JUN spent more training time at medium and high heart rate intensity zones compared to U23 and PRO (P < 0.05). Higher duration per training session were observed in PRO (2.6 ± 0.3 h) compared to both U23 (2.2 ± 0.3 h P < 0.001) and JUN (2.0 ± 0.2 h P < 0.001). Training data collected during the 2019 competitive season of thirty male cyclists, divided into three age-related categories (JUN U23 PRO), were retrospectively analyzed for training characteristics, external and internal training load. The aim was to compare the training characteristics of junior, under 23 and professional road cyclists. Professional cyclists attain higher MMP values on steep than on level road gradients regardless of their typology, with an average gradient of 6–7 % appearing optimal (or at least the most common) for achieving the highest MMP values. Participants attained MMP at an average slope of 6.0–7.3 %, with no differences between effort durations or cyclist typologies. This finding was confirmed for flat and uphill specialists separately (p < 0.003 for both), with a similar increase in MMP values between level and uphill cycling in the two typologies except for longer efforts (≥10 min), in which MMP values tended to increase more in climbers. MMP values were higher during uphill cycling than during level cycling for all effort durations (difference ranging between 0.4 and 3.6 %, all p < 0.003). We determined the maximal mean power (MMP) values attained for efforts lasting 1, 5, 10 and 20 min, during both level and uphill cycling (average slope < or ≥ 5 %, respectively), as well as the average road gradients on which cyclists attained their MMP. We collected power output data during both training sessions and competitions over 10 years (2013–2022, 6 ± 5 seasons/cyclist). Ninety-eight professional cyclists (27 ± 6 years) were included in the analyses, of which 53 and 45 were considered flat and climbing specialists, respectively. To investigate the influence of road gradient on cycling power output in male professional cyclists, and to determine whether cyclist typology (i.e., flat or climbing specialist, respectively) moderates this influence. Caution should be taken when comparing elevation gain data recorded with different settings or with devices of different brands. While measurements of total elevation gain were relatively consistent within each brand, the measurements differed between the SRM and Garmin devices by as much as 3 %. The use of the Garmin elevation correction option resulted in a 5 to 10 % increase in the total elevation gain.
The between devices variability in total elevation gain was lower when measured with the SRM, compared with the Garmin devices (Study 1: 0.2 and 1.5 %, respectively). Total elevation gain was significantly different between the Garmin and SRM devices (p<0.05). Garmin (Forerunner 310XT, Edge 500, Edge 750 and Edge 800 with and without elevation correction) and SRM (Power Control 7) devices were used to measure total elevation gain over a 15.7 km mountain climb performed on 6 separate occasions (6 devices Study 1) and during a 138 km cycling event (164 devices Study 2).
Two separate observational validation studies were conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the consistency of commercially available devices used for measuring elevation gain in outdoor activities and sports.
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